Its most likely old paraffin wax from old diesel fuel that settled out or it could be the seals on the transfer pump let oil seep in over the years. At the base where it mounts.
Sounds like excellent Cat engineering for that era to provide both a reservoir for "stuff" to accumulate and a drain to remove it.
That's normal for there to be brown sludge in the filter housing like that, and that much is not bad at all, the filter system is doing it's job.
Ok thanks guys! I'm cleaning it out good. Hopefully fresh diesel will make a difference in cranking it. It's harder to crank than it should be so far