Check the thread pitch, it could well a standard thread. Cat got off like other manufactures but don't tend to have to many none standard threads..
Unfortunately it's not just a plain nut - it's elongated, has a boss to stop axial movement, and has three splits in it so that those two bolts you see adjacent to it in the diagram can clamp down to lock it in place. A new one could be made by a competent machinist, but I think if he contacts some of the parts yards, they'll find him a good used one. There are plenty of carcases out there
Are the treads wiped out on the adjuster bolt? Those nuts are cast iron I believe and should hold up better than the steel bolt.
Big job replacing the bolt in the spring assembly.
Need pictures showing the condition .
Mine was fully rusted out but the previous owner apparently never cleaned the track gear off each day. I got a good used one from Dana at Florin - those days are over sadly