The way I do it is to find some tool or piece of steel scrap that you can wedge between something on the engine or frame and one of the webs on the back of the pulley to lock it. Grasp the fan blade and pull/push as needed to hold the "stop" in it's place and turn the front half/center threaded part of the pulley hub.
You might want to brush out the threads showing behind the adjustable pulley half and then spray with rust buster etc before loosening the thing all the way off so you can do the same procedure on the threads that were hidden beneath the belt. Then when you have it all free and moving properly, adjust the belt tension and lock it down.
I have heated them with a torch, and tapped gently with a drift on the more substantial webs of the pulley just to get one moving, but I don't like to have to do that just to adjust one.