Reply to danreed76:
That's kind of what I was afraid of... I asked the dealer if that was a possibility, and he replied that "it happens". If that's the case, I guess maybe I can see about getting a radiator shop to put a new filler neck on.
I hate to revive an old thread (especially when I simply forgot to post an update) but I finally located the correct radiator cap!
It turns out that somewhere along the line, Caterpillar adopted industry standard caps which often don't fit older filler necks due to the reinforcing ribs around the plunger (seems that somewhere along the way they adopted industry standard necks, too). Instead of going with new part numbers, they simply carried the old part numbers over to new parts without verifying that it would fit all intended applications.
The part that actually fit was a CTP brand 6L8617 (yeah, they used the Cat part number). They apparently manufacture parts to the original part number spec. It was a perfect match to the old one, and fit like a charm.
I dunno if CTP already has a reputation here on the boards, but I understand they make a full line of aftermarket Caterpillar parts. They served me well in this case.