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Cat 20 head gasket question

Cat 20 head gasket question

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Mike Meyer
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I have dragged home a dead Cat 20 project, and need to organise new head gaskets for it, but I'm a bit confused as to the best way forward, because my Cat 20 parts number book only shows one water port in the head gasket, yet there are 3 water ports in each cylinder, and 4 water ports in the head, for each cylinder.

I have a reprint of the old Cat Servicemans books and in the Cat 25 section, they are very specific in saying there is only one water port in the head gasket, and do not be tempted to cut more holes in the head gasket, or else over heating might occur, because the flow of the water in the head will be incorrect.

Can someone who has made new head gaskets for their Cat 20/25/28, or restored one, please offer some advice on this.
Thanks
Mike
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Fri, Oct 11, 2024 7:52 AM
Mike Meyer
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You can see in the last photo, my old head gaskets have 4 water ports in them.
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Fri, Oct 11, 2024 7:55 AM
josh
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That is interesting, I have a 20 instruction book form SL991 from 1929, and it does state that there is only one water hole for each cylinder in the head gasket, and not to add more as the extra holes in the head and cylinder are just for coring the castings, and adding more holes may cause heating.
And from the 20 parts catalog of the same vintage.
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Fri, Oct 11, 2024 9:48 AM
side-seat
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Reply to josh:
That is interesting, I have a 20 instruction book form SL991 from 1929, and it does state that there is only one water hole for each cylinder in the head gasket, and not to add more as the extra holes in the head and cylinder are just for coring the castings, and adding more holes may cause heating.
And from the 20 parts catalog of the same vintage.
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Mike, I can't see a good view of the jugs but; Those look like they're off a 28. What bore are those? Your very lucky to have a good complete manifold!
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Fri, Oct 11, 2024 7:11 PM
Mike Meyer
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Reply to side-seat:
Mike, I can't see a good view of the jugs but; Those look like they're off a 28. What bore are those? Your very lucky to have a good complete manifold!
The bores are 4" on the tractor, but all the cylinders are toast sadly, I've never seen rust damage like this on a old Cat before, plus one cylinder had water in it, and I had to press the piston out, that took all of 20 tons to get it moving, even though I'd lit it up twice with diesel and oil to get it all nice and hot.  Luckily the piston will clean up, though all the rings are very worn and show at least 1/4" end gap, you will see that in the photo.

All the cast water manifolds on this tractor are badly cracked, except the bottom pipe that runs to the 4 cylinders, that is perfect, the bottom radiator tank is not cracked, but the top tank of the radiator has a small crack in one corner. That bit of water pipe elbow welded to the drop tube is an interesting modification, I know that this tractor was still being worked hard up till 1972, when it was sold as a parts machine, so I assume the broken drop tube issue was well known to everyone, and this one was modified.

This tractor had been reconditioned at least once, the undercarriage, like grousers, sprockets, front idlers and bottom rollers plus steering clutch packs look almost new, yet both both brake pedals show lots of wear, the curved water pipes have both been replaced with farmer "upgraded" water pipes with bits of fencing wire, so the tractor was used long enough to rot out the originals, yet deserve to get new ones fitted.

It is always interesting to pull a old Cat apart, you can see where Farmer Fred had worked on them, and where they are untouched, things like dodgy gaskets, and bent nails used in conrods, instead of split pins, though it always impresses me how those old Cat bolt heads are usually still in good condition, and will unscrew without breaking, even after 90 to 100 years.
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 1:00 AM
Mike Meyer
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Here are some more pics
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 1:06 AM
Mike Meyer
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And a few more pics, I have 2 heads, but the spare is suspected to have been cracked across the middle when it was being lifted off the block by a previous owner.  I have that one soaking in a citric acid bath at the moment, removing all the rust, and will crack test it, but notice how both heads have 4 "water" ports per cylinder.

I can see why owners or Mechanics over the years here in Australia would have cut a couple more holes in new head gaskets before fitting them, particularly as the cylinders have 3 holes in them, the engines would have been getting hot working hard in our summer heat.
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 1:17 AM
oilcan47
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Reply to Mike Meyer:
And a few more pics, I have 2 heads, but the spare is suspected to have been cracked across the middle when it was being lifted off the block by a previous owner.  I have that one soaking in a citric acid bath at the moment, removing all the rust, and will crack test it, but notice how both heads have 4 "water" ports per cylinder.

I can see why owners or Mechanics over the years here in Australia would have cut a couple more holes in new head gaskets before fitting them, particularly as the cylinders have 3 holes in them, the engines would have been getting hot working hard in our summer heat.
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you've out done me!
doug
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 3:58 AM
Mike Meyer
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Reply to oilcan47:
you've out done me!
doug
Ha ha, why is that Doug, for the shocking condition of this old Cat, you can see why I call my old girls Boat Anchors!
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 4:38 AM
GrantJ
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Ha ha, why is that Doug, for the shocking condition of this old Cat, you can see why I call my old girls Boat Anchors!
Mike, what is your location? I have a Big 20 parts tractor that I want to get rid of. It has lots of parts that are much better than yours. Located Northern Calif.

Grant Jordan
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 9:33 PM
Mike Meyer
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Reply to GrantJ:
Mike, what is your location? I have a Big 20 parts tractor that I want to get rid of. It has lots of parts that are much better than yours. Located Northern Calif.

Grant Jordan
Hello Grant, Thanks for reaching out, I'm in Australia, so unfortunately a long way from you, I have managed to source some good parts for this tractor from Droptube up in Oregon, which are going into a 40 foot container at Auburn right now, that is being shipped to Oz, so hopefully I'll have most of the bits I'll need, but I will keep you in mind.
All the best
Mike
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Sat, Oct 12, 2024 10:35 PM
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