A hard lesson well learned. I enjoyed the story.
I learned the hard way a long time ago that it is possible to break the fuel filter housing with enough water freezing. It is also not that hard to drain the bottom off the fuel tanks but even in dry country water seems to find a way into the fuel. Keeping fuel clean is easy to neglect because you can't see it. This is a great story of persistence. Glad you got her going. I once had part of the the linkage between the pony motor cab controls on a CAT 12 70D grader break and fall into the turning clutch. Made an awful sound. It broke off clutch parts and made it necessary to remove the pony motor and the big engine. I know the nut you mean that's hidden and rather hard to remove on the pony. I did the same thing. We pulled the diesel engine using a backhoe and found it was surprisingly easy to stab the shaft from the engine back into the clutch. Experience is always a great teacher but the tuition is high.
Nice story and glad to hear you got it going. Also very glad to hear that fuel transfer pump parts are still available as I am having very low fuel pressure problems with my 8T as well. No ice in mine though, this was during 70 degree weather.