1673 Cat engine

If you decide to work on it I have several service manuals for 78B1-up & 83B1-up. $20 postpaid.

Replace with c12 ,3306 or 3176 would be cheaper in the long run, JMO

We need more information, there were a range of 1673 engines. An engine serial number prefix would help.

History of these Cat truck engines; (talking from memory here, to be 100% precise, I'd have to go search my Cat Product Bulletin archives).

Around 1960, Cat released their "new" 1673 truck engine. This engine was 4.5" bore x 5.5" and based on the tractor/industrial D333 Cat engine, which came out in 1959 as one of the new line of Cat high-speed diesels.
Everyone was chasing "high-speed" in the late 1950's, as the secret to diesel performance in those days.

Allis-Chalmers led the pack, with their release of their new, direct-injection, high-speed (2000RPM) "Thousand Series" diesel engines in 1958.
Most diesels before then, were limited to 1700-1800RPM. Allis-Chalmers had been using the Buda-designed engines with Lanova-type injection, which was speed-limited to 1800RPM. Higher RPM's mean greater engine efficiency and power output.
Cat didn't want to be left behind, so they followed the other manufacturers with a complete new range of high-speed diesels from 1959 to the early 1960's.

The 1673 wasn't one of Cat's finest engines. The 1673 ran at 2200RPM and this really was at the engines limit. Also, because it was basically a tractor/industrial engine, it was heavy (1940lbs).
Cat had a lot of problems with the early 1673 engines. They were a design that had a lot of poor design features. Along with the head gasket, Cat used brass ferrules with rubber grommets to seal the cylinder head/block interface.
These brass ferrules and grommets are a mechanics nightmare, and a good source of leaks. When re-installing the cylinder head, great care must be taken to avoid crushing the brass ferrules or damaging the grommets.

The 1673 suffered from head cracking, heads falling off valves, occasional cracked blocks, occasional spun bearings. It produced 254HP, which was a lot of HP for a 525 cu inch engine in that era.
Cat, to their credit, did a vast amount of re-design, more re-design, and even more re-design and modifications to these engines, to try and improve their reliability.

Cat modified the 1673 so much, they produced a 1673B around 1963 or '64. This was an improvement, but it still wasn't anywhere near as reliable an engine as a Cummins or GM diesel (they were called GM diesels back then, they didn't become Detroit Diesels until many years later).

Then, in 1967, Cat produced the 1673C. This was a vastly improved truck engine, because it was a totally new design, which was based on the new 4.75" bore D333C tractor/industrial engine - which engine was later renamed the 3306.
The 1673C is a pretty good engine - but if your Peterbilt is a 1966 build, it more likely has the earlier 4.5" bore 1673 or 1673B engine.
A quick look at the rocker cover will show whether you have a 4.5" bore 1673 or 1673B, or a 4.75" bore 1673C. The 4.5" bore 1673 and 1673B engines use a cast aluminium cover, the 4.75" bore engine uses a pressed steel cover.

I would guess by now, your Peterbilt engine would have been probably rebuilt, and probably more than once, because she's probably a multi-million miler.
In which case, your 1673 engine would have received numerous upgraded and improved components.

However - if your 1673 is an early 4.5" bore engine and in need of overhaul, I'd say you're best advised to scrap it, and look for a good 1673C runner.
The 1673C is a far more reliable engine, there are hundreds of thousands of them still working, and all parts are still readily available.

[video]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keWe_ht3oHg&feature=youtu.be[/video]

The owner does not know much about the history of the motor nor what model it is. Here is a video of it not sure if you can tell by looking at it. I would assume it probably needs rebuilt but could drive it till something happens to it an maybe look to replace with a better cat motor like listed above? Or like you said if it is a C model than it would be worth rebuilding and parts are readily available? Will the different motors listed bolt up to the 13 speed in it or would that have to be changed as well? I appreciate the responses thank you!

That's a great old classic Peterbilt - and yes, that is an early 4.5" bore 1673 or 1673B. No problem with driving it until it dies, then replacing it with a 1673C.

The 4.75" bore 1673C will bolt straight up to the 13 speed, these engines all use standard SAE flywheel housings.

The 1673C would slot in with only minor modifications to the engine bay, such as intake and exhaust arrangements, wiring and perhaps some slight modifications to engine mounts.

I see that you say the C model was later named the 3306, are these essentially the same engine then? I ask because as I look up parts and reman motors I can find a lot of 3306 compared to finding the C model. If that is the case and 3306's are good motors than I might just go that route in the long run. Not too familiar with the cat motors and wanting to put a reputable one in it.

Yes, the 1673C and the 3306 are essentially the same engine. There were design changes along the way, such as a change from Scroll-type fuel injection, to Sleeve-metering fuel injection, and a change from precombustion-style injectors to direct injection.
There were other minor design changes, but the basic engine is the same. The 3306 was used in 19 different Cat machines, could be supplied as industrial engine, marine engine and truck engine, and it was supplied to other manufacturers as a power source as well.

Cat built these engines in a wide range of HP ratings, they could come with a huge array of accessories or options, and the engine build was tailored to the designed job.
I don't exactly know how many 3306's Cat built, it would probably be well over a million in number. They are very reliable and a good design.

There's a good "write-up" on the 3306 in the link below.

https://www.4btengines.com/new-engines/cat-3306/

Those axles almost look like 34s. That hood and cab door arrangement looks just like my '67 KW LW923 - narrow radiator / grille like it too.

At the 2:20 mark it appears the rear diff housing is a front housing or from a tri drive.